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References

1

B.J. Christensen, T.O. Mason, and H.M. Jennings, J. Am. Cer. Soc. 75 (1992) 939.

2

B.J. Christensen, R.T. Coverdale, R.A. Olson, S.J. Ford, E.J. Garboczi, T.O. Mason, and H.M. Jennings, J. Am. Cer. Soc. 77 (1994) 2789.

3

R.T. Coverdale, E.J. Garboczi, H.M. Jennings, B.J. Christensen, and T.O. Mason, J. Amer. Cer. Soc. 76 (1993) 1513.

4

B.J. Christensen, PhD Thesis, Northwestern University (1993).

5

C.A. Scuderi, T.O. Mason, and H.M. Jennings, J. Mater. Sci. 26, (1991) 349.

6

B.J. Christensen, T.O. Mason, and H.M. Jennings, Mat. Res. Soc. Symp.Proc. 245, (1991) 271.

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P. Gu, P. Xie, J.J. Beaudoin, and R. Brousseau, Cem. Concr. Res. 22 (1992) 833.

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P. Gu, P. Xie, J.J. Beaudoin, and R. Brousseau, Cem. Concr. Res. 23 (1993) 157.

9

P. Xie, P. Gu, Z. Xu, and J.J. Beaudoin, Cem. Concr. Res. 23 (1993) 359.

10

R.T. Coverdale, B.J. Christensen, T.O. Mason, H.M. Jennings, E.J. Garboczi, and D.P. Bentz, "Interpretation of the impedance spectroscopy of cement paste via computer modelling I: Bulk conductivity and offset resistance," J. Mater. Sci. 30, 712-719 (1995).

11

R.T. Coverdale, B.J. Christensen, T.O. Mason, H.M. Jennings, E.J. Garboczi, and "Interpretation of the Impedance Spectroscopy of Cement Paste via Computer Modeling," D.P. Bentz, J. Mater. Sci. 29 (1994) 4984.

12

Impedance Spectroscopy - Emphasizing Solid Materials and Systems, edited by J.R. MacDonald (Wiley, New York, 1987), p. 195.

13

P.N. Sen, Geophysics 46 (1981) 1714.

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F. Brouers, A. Ramsamugh, and V.V. Dixit, J. Mat. Sci. 22 (1987) 2759.

15

C.L. Jackson, and G.B. McKenna, J. Chem. Phys. 93 (1990) 9002.

16

Certain commercial companies are named in order to specify adequately the experimental procedure. This in no way implies endorsement or recommendation by NIST.

17

B.A. Boukamp, Equivalent Circuit (EQUIVCRT.PAS); University of Twente; Department of Chemical Technology; P. O. Box 217; 7500 AE Enschede; The Netherlands, 1988.

18

R. Defay, I. Prigogine, A. Bellemans, and D.H. Everett, Surface Tension and Adsorption (Wiley, New York, 1966).

19

R.E. Beddoe, and M.J. Setzer, Cem. Concr. Res. 18 (1988) 249.

20

C. de Fontenay and E.J. Sellevold, Durability of Building Materials and Components,ASTM STP 691, Edited by P.J. Serada and G.G. Litvan (American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1980) p. 425.

21

F.H. Wittmann, "Interaction of hardened cement paste and water," J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 56 (1973) p. 409.

22

B. Zech and M.J. Setzer, Materials and Structures 21 (1988) 323.

23

H. Bager and E.J. Sellevold, Cem. and Concr. Res. 16 (1986) 709.

24

H. Bager and E.J. Sellevold, Cem. Concr. Res. 16 (1986) 835.

25

N. Banthia, M. Pigeon, and L. Lachance, Cem. Concr. Res. 19 (1989) 939.

26

D.P. Bentz and E.J. Garboczi, Percolation of phases in a three-dimensional cement paste microstructre model," Cem. Conc. Res. 21 (1991) 325.

27

S.S. Yoon, S.Y. Kim, and H.C. Kim, J. Mater. Sci. 29 (1994) 1910.

28

Two-point IS measurements tend to give somewhat higher low frequency dielectric constants than do four-point measurements (see Ref. 29). The two-point measurements can give up to a three order of magnitude drop in k upon initial freezing, while the four-point measurements give closer to a two order of magnitude drop.

29

S.J. Ford, T.O. Mason, B.J. Christensen, R.T. Coverdale, H.M. Jennings, and E.J. Garboczi, "Electrode configurations and impedance spectra of cement pastes," J. Mater. Sci. 30, 1217-1224 (1995).

30

S. Mindess and J.F. Young, Concrete (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1981), p.104.

31

E.J. Garboczi and D.P. Bentz, "Computer Simulation of the Diffusivity of Cement-Based Materials," J. Mater. Sci. 27 (1992) 2083.

32

D.S. McLachlan, M. Blaszkiewicz, and R.E. Newnham, J. Am. Cer. Soc. 73 (1990) 2187.

33

Z. Hashin, J. Appl. Mech. 50 (1983) 481.