The authors thank colleagues in their respective institutions for support in the fundamental investigations in this field and for fruitful discussions and comments, in particular, at Sika Technology, Dr. Norman Blank, Dr. Irene Schober, and Dr. Urs Mäder; at NIST, Dr. Chiara Ferraris, Dr. Edward Garboczi, Dr. Steve Satterfield, and Dr. Terrance Griffins; and at YKI, Dr. Anika Kauppi. N. Martys also acknowledges support from VCCTL (the Virtual Cement and Concrete Testing Laboratory, NIST) for modeling work. AFM results presented here were obtained with EU support under the project Superplast (Project of the 5th European Framework Programme, G5RD-CT-2001-00435). L. Bergström and R. Flatt are also grateful to all of their colleagues within that project for many fruitful discussions.