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2. Concrete rheology

This chapter describes modelling and experiments on the rheology of cement- based materials. The rheology of concrete is a difficult problem, as fluid cement paste is non-Newtonian by itself, and concrete has the added complication of many sand and rock inclusions. However, the processing of concrete is controlled by its rheological properties, which must be evaluated scientifically in order for real predictability to be achieved.


This section is a review of measurement methods and nomenclature. It includes state of the art reports on rheological measurements on cementitious materials (concrete, mortar and cement paste). It also give definition that relate to concrete rheology.

(1a) Guide to Rheological Nomenclature: Measurements in Ceramic Particulate Systems (29 pages of text, 54.3K of figures)

(1b) Measurement of the rheological properties of high performance concrete(PDF document)

(1c) Fresh Concrete Rheology - Recent Developments (25 pages, 378K of figures)

(1d) The Rheology of Cementitious Materials (5 pages of text, 342.1K of figures)

(1e) Caractérisation de la prise des matériaux cimentaires (5 pages of text, PDF document)


SCC: This section gives all report on measurements done using SCC.

(2) Workability of self-compacting concrete (10 pages, 14K of figures)

Cement paste and mortar measurements: this section describes work done to measure the cement paste and mortar using a rheometer.

(3) Measurement of the rheological properties of cement paste: A new approach (9 pages, 24K of figures)

Concrete measurements: This section includes the comparison of concrete rheometers, measurements done using concrete rheometers.

(4a) Fresh concrete: A Herschel-Bulkley material (5 pages, 18K of figures)

(4b) Processing of HPC (4 pages, 17K of figures)

(4c) Testing and modelling of fresh concrete rheology

(4d) Modified slump test to measure rheological parameters of fresh concrete (7 pages, 65K of figures)

(4e) Comparison of concrete rheometers: International tests at LCPC (Nantes, France) (PDF document, 157 pages)

(4f) De la pâte de ciment au béton: modélisation et mesures expérimentales des propriétés rhéologiques (PDF document)

(4g) Relating Fresh Concrete Viscosity Measurements from Different Rheometers (6 pages of text, 22.4K of figures)

(4h) Comparison of Concrete Rheometers (PDF document, 7 pages)

(4i) Comparison of concrete rheometers: International tests at MB (Cleveland OH, USA) in May 2003 (PDF document, 116 pages)

(4j) Measurement of Workability of Fresh Concrete Using a Mixing Truck (12 pages of text, 238.5K of figures)

(5) Modeling: This section includes all papers related to modeling the flow of concrete and how to relate the measurements on mortar or cement paste to prediction of concrete flow.

(a) Velocity Verlet algorithm for dissipative-particle-dynamics-based models of suspension (4 pages of text, 22K of figures)

(b) Simulation of SCC Flow (4 pages of text, 278.3K of figures)

A parallel quaternion-based dissipative particle dynamics (QDPD) program has been developed in Fortran to study the flow properties of complex fluids subject to shear.

(c) Simulation of Sheared Suspensions With a Parallel Implementation of QDPD (11 pages of text, 166.9K of figures)

(d) Study of a dissipative dynamics based approach for modeling suspensions (24 pages of text, 1,150K of figures)

(6) Interaction of Supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) and/or chemical admixtures: this section is related to the influence of the SCM and chemical admixtures on the flow properties of cement paste or mortar. Potentially leading to prediction of their influence on concrete.

The influence of mineral admixtures on the rheology of cement paste and concrete (13 pages, 65K of figures)


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References

(1a) V.A. Hackley, C.F. Ferraris, NIST Special Publication 946, U.S. Department of Commerce, (January 2001).
(1b) C.F. Ferraris, Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 104, 461-478 (1999).
(1c) C.F. Ferraris, F. de Larrard and N. Martys, Materials Science of Concrete, Vol. VI, American Ceramic Society, Westerville, Ohio, (2001).
(1d) Robert J. Flatt, Nicos Martys, and Lennart Bergstrom, MRS Bulletin, Materials Research Society, 29 (5), pp. 314-318, (2004).
(1e) S. Amziane and C.F. Ferraris, Proceedings of the National Congress of the French Group of Rheology, Mulhouse, France, October 14-15 (2004).
(2) C.F. Ferraris, L. Brower, C. Ozyildirim, J. Daczko, PCI/FHWA/FIB International Symposium on High Performance Concrete, September 25-27, 398-409, Ed., L.S. (Paul) Johal (2000).
(3) C.F. Ferraris, The Role of Admixtures in High Performance Concrete, edited by J.G. Cabrera and R. Rivera-Villarreal (RILEM, France, 2000).
(4a) F. de Larrard, C.F. Ferraris, and T. Sedran, Materials and Structures 31, (211), 494-498 (1998).
(4b) C.F. Ferraris and C.J. Lobo, Concrete International 20 (4), 61-64 (1998).
(4c) C.F. Ferraris, F. de Larrard, National Institute of Standards and Technology Internal Report, NISTIR 6094, U.S. Department of Commerce, (February 1998).
(4d) C.F. Ferraris and F. de Larrard, Cement, Concrete, and Aggregates 20, 241-247 (1998).
(4e) C.F. Ferraris and Lynn E. Brower, Editors, National Institute of Standards and Technology Internal Report 6819, U.S. Department of Commerce (September 2001).
(4f) C.F. Ferraris and N. Martys, Proc. Rhéologie Génie Civil et Environment, 36 ème Colloque du Groupe Français de Rhéologie, Marne-la-Vallée (France), October 10-12, 2001, 226-230 (2001).
(4g) C.F. Ferraris and N.S. Martys, Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 108 (3), 229-234 (2003).
(4h) L. Brower and C.F. Ferraris, Concrete International 25 (8), 41-47, (2003).
(4i) C.F. Ferraris and Lynn E. Brower, Editors, National Institute of Standards and Technology Internal Report 7154, U.S. Department of Commerce (September 2004).
(4j) S. Amziane, C.F. Ferraris and E.P. Koehler, Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 110 (1), 55-66 (2005).
(5a) N.S. Martys and R.D. Mountain, Phys. Rev. E 59, 3733-3736 (1999).
(5b) N. Martys and C.F. Ferraris, First North American Conference on the Design and use of Self-Consolidating Concrete. Proceedings. Chicago, IL, November 12-13, 2002, pp. 27-30, 2003.
(5c) J.S. Sims and N.S. Martys, Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 109 (2), 267-277, (2004).
(5d) N.S. Martys, Journal of Rheology 49 (2), 401-424 (2005).
(6) C.F. Ferraris, K.H. Obla, and R. Hill, Cement and Concrete Research 31, (2), 245-255, (2001).