The stress tensor has contributions from the propagation of momentum and interparticle forces
where i, j refers to different particles, α and β refer to Cartesian coordinate axes and
is the momentum
of particle i relative to the macroscopic velocity field midway between its
trajectory during a time step. Then, for a constant applied shear rate, the
kinematic viscosity ν is obtained from
where the shear is applied in the x1 direction.
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