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References

1

Frohnsdorff, G.J., " Integrated Knowledge Systems for Concrete Science and Technology," in Materials Science of Concrete, Vol. 1, (American Ceramic Society, Westerville, OH, 1989) pp. 315-332.

2

Clifton, J.R., Bentz, D.P., and Kaetzel, L.J., "Computerized Integrated Knowledge-Based System for High-Performance Concrete: An Overview," NISTIR 5947, U.S. Department of Commerce, 1997.

3

Clifton, J.R., "Predicting the Service Life of Concrete," ACI Materials Journal, V. 90, No. 6, pp. 611-617, 1993.

4

ACI 211.1, "Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal, Heavy Weight, and Mass Concrete," (American Concrete Institute, Detroit, MI, 1991).

5

ACI 211.4R-93, "Guide for Selecting Proportions for High-Strength Concrete with Portland Cement and Fly Ash," (American Concrete Institute, Detroit, MI, 1993).

6

Bentz, D.P., Garboczi, E.J., and Lagergren, E.S., "Multi-Scale Microstructural Modelling of Concrete Diffusivity: Identification of Significant Variables," Cement, Concrete, and Aggregates, 20 (1), 3-21, 1997.

7

Waller, V., DeLarrard, F., and Roussel, P., "Modelling the Temperature Rise in Massive HPC Structures," 4th International Symposium on Utilization of High-Strength/High-Performance Concrete, Paper 170, Paris, 1996.

8

Mindess, S., and Young, J.F., Concrete (Prentice-Hall, Englewood, NJ, 1981).

9

Clifton, J.R., and Knab, L.I., "Service Life of Concrete," NISTIR 89-4086, U.S. Department of Commerce, 1989.

10

Holman, J.P., Heat Transfer (McGraw-Hill Book Company, NY, 1981).

11

Weyers, R.E., Fitch, M.G., Larsen, E.P., Al-Qadi, I.L., Chamberlin, W.P., and Hoffman, P.C., "Service Life Estimates," SHRP-S-688, Strategic Highway Research Program, National Research Council, 1992.

12

Crank, J., The Mathematics of Diffusion (Oxford University, 1975).

13

Sergi, G., Yu, S.W., and Page, C.L., "Diffusion of Chloride and Hydroxyl Ions in Cementitious Materials Exposed to a Saline Environment," Magazine of Concrete Research, V. 44, No. 158, pp. 63-69, 1992.

14

Midgley, H.G., and Illston, J.M., "The Penetration of Chlorides into Hardened Cement Paste," Cement and Concrete Research, V. 14, pp. 546-558, 1984.

15

Andrade, C., Diez, J.M., and Alonso, C., "Mathematical Modelling of a Concrete Surface "Skin Effect" on Diffusion in Chloride Contaminated Concrete," Advanced Cement-Based Materials, 6, 39-44, 1997.

16

Carslaw, J.S., and Jaeger, J.C., The Conduction of Heat in Solids (Oxford Press, 1978).

17

Saetta, A.V., Scotta, R.V., and Vitaliani, R.V., "Analysis of Chloride Diffusion into Partially Saturated Concrete," ACI Materials Journal, V. 90, No. 5, pp. 441-51, 1993.

18

Snyder, K.A., and Clifton, J.R., "4SIGHT Manual: A Computer Program for Modelling Degradation of Underground Low Level Waste Concrete Vaults," NISTIR 5612, U.S. Department of Commerce, June 1995.